顺流而下 数学---我的生活 zsz@bs.csu.edu.cn

Brief Summary on quiver interpretation on Cluster algebra

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 01/11 2008, 06:30
I recognized that recent researches on Cluster algebras and representation theory are mostly linked with the methods arising from geometry and other field, such as Cluster algebra and Ringel Hall algebra, the coordinate rings of double Bruhat cells and Cluster algebra, relation between cluster algebra and higher Techimuller space, Cluster algebras and representation of preprojective algebra, semicanonical bases of Luzstig, etc. I am quite interested in part of these researches, especially the Ringel Hall algebra and Cluster algebra. I recalled Claus Michael Ringel ever used Hall algebra to realize positive part of Quantum Groups and J.Xiao realized negative part in the similar way. A natural question arose motivated by these works. Can we realize a cluster algebra of finite type as a “Hall algebra” of the corresponding Cluster category? Caldero and Chapoton obtained a cluster variable formula which gave an explicit expression for the cluster variable associated with a positive root corresponding to an indecomposable module. Then B.Keller gave a natural basis for Cluster algebra labeled by the set of exceptional objects of corresponding Cluster category. Recently, J.Xiao deduced projective version of Green’s formula and applied it to prove that Caldero-Keller’s multiplication formula holds for acyclic cluster algebra of arbitrary type. Now, I am reading and checking this paper. Meanwhile, Buan, Marsh and Reiten gave a quiver interpretation of mutation between Cluster algebra, a one to one corresponding between tilting seeds and initial seeds for an acyclic Cluster algebra was derived. Thus, it seems that Cluster category is a successful model for Cluster algebra and back in turn, Cluster algebra is combinatorial invariant of Cluster category which was proved by B.Keller.  On learning these exciting results, I am anxious to enter this field and decide to choose Cluster algebra and related topics for my major research area. As mentioned above, Cluster algebra is invariant of Cluster categories. In another view, we can obtain this result by categorifying Cluster algebra, isomorphism between two algebras becomes triangulated equivalence between two Cluster categories. Maybe another hopeful research direction is generalizing Cluster category to higher dimension for professor Iyama developed higher dimensional Auslander Reiten theory, it gave some interesting combinatorial structures for Higher Auslander Reiten quiver.  

挫折

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 09/28 2007, 04:32

只是个挫折 没什么大不了 发现自己的问题 并改正.

开始申请


Back to Ground

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 09/18 2007, 12:04

现在安下心来了,我发现我还是在读书,看论文,写数学的时候心里特别宁静. 随身带着某个我特别尊敬的老师的教诲和提醒,时刻检查自己的行为,古人说:"吾日三醒吾身" 现在我也类似. 这两天一直在读[BMRRT]的一篇经典文章,讲Cluster范畴,细节check还算顺利,目前已经读完第2节 Ext-Configuration. 没遇到什么障碍,下个星期打算讲这篇文章. 这里不得不提一个结果[Happel]如果H是一个遗传代数,那么H=KQ ,并且Db(mod-KQ)和Q的Z copy是同构的,这个结果我觉得很好,首先它清楚的展现了遗传代数导出范畴的结构,第二,对讨论班的好处是如果承认这个结果就可以在很大程度上回避导出范畴的知识,以便在讨论班上让没有学过DC的人能听懂如何定义Cluster范畴. 呵呵:)

感觉学数学还是简单最好,每天只想着读书,读论文,讲文章,做习题这几件事,这样一天就过去了,非常地愉快.现在的主要任务就是讲好Semicanonical Bases and Preprojective Algeras的文章,讲好Cluster范畴和倾斜理论的讨论班,学好表示论.

随身带着一位老师的提醒:

学数学需要一步一步来,如果想有所成绩赶快收起心来,打好基础,用最笨的方法多做习题.数学需要从基础做起,并长期坚持.

心平气和,学数学就象小溪,细水长流.

 


所想

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 09/12 2007, 17:26
symmetry resulted in groups, another way of saying this is that group is automorphism.For finite groups and symmetric groups, I think it is obvious. Symmetric group is permutation group of N letters. Every element is automorphism. So I consider for fundamental group and homotopy groups. What kind of symmetric lead to these kinds of groups. Finally, I found that the homotopy group of a topological space X is the symmetry of the spaces of all fibers over X. KanexThat is the symmetry of the Universal cover of X. Then the fundamental group is the special case of them.Why to choose the group as invariant of Topological space? I am always considering this problem. Just because it is simple? I think the main reason in the symmetry. Say if we have a category C, we want to find some invariant of it in category D, then the functor is all functor from C to D modulo the automorphism of C(Kanex)  环: Ring can be also taken to be an invariant of Topological space. Actually because of more structure comparing to groups. After introducing Cup product,the cohomological group becomes ring. It carries more information. A natural generalization is K group. (Actually K ring).     Rings plays important roles in Algebraic Geometry. 模: What is module. I think we should take it in two ways: 1. Module is an action of Ring on solution space. 2. Module ,The action of Ring on Aut(solution space). Considering some generalization of solution space. If we replace solution space by variety.(like elliptic curves,algebraic surface), due 2, we obtain :Some Ring--àAut(S)(Aut(E)). I think this is the better opinion to module. Module is solving the algebraic equation!     Of course, why we consider module in Algebra? The reason is that we want to know ring and algebra. We can consider the module category over different rings. We can consider various Derived category of module category to build some connection between the Ring

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 08/12 2007, 21:46

这个标题有点奇怪,总是说要写自己却总是没写。今天趁着找东西的时间写写自己吧。

为什么会喜欢数学? 什么时候开始喜欢数学? 要从小学开始说。其实最开始对各个学科没有明显的偏好,数学小学也看不出来什么,只是学得一直很好,三年级考了双百分,到现在记忆都很深刻。最开始是小学3年级下学期,那时候刚学方程,我对移项这个事情很奇怪,想不通为什么左边的项到右边就是加个负号。。。为了这个事,我爸跟我妈都无奈了,他们认为两边同时减去一个数这个事情很容易理解,可以忽略不说。最后把我搞哭了。呵呵。可是之后学数学有很长一段时间没遇到障碍了。小学四年级开始学初中的教材,那时爸爸在湛江工作,有一次我和妈妈去湛江看他,坐的是那种很慢的火车,在车上就拿初三的教材看,很是喜欢。觉得因式分解什么的很有意思。那时候其实对数学的美什么的并没有深的感受,就这样到了初中,初中不仅仅是数学超前学,物理和化学也超前学,用的是一套叫数理化自学丛书,我想70年代的大学生家里应该都有这么一套书,很经典的。无奈我那时对物理是没有什么感觉。对化学那更是敷衍了事。记得初中数学不管什么考试都是100。记得初三的时候就把高中的东西学完了,开始看微积分,用的是樊映川的数学分析讲义,那时候看极限的概念很辛苦也很认真,总是想着某个序列就一直趋近于某个数,等取到无穷的时候就相等了。总是拿1/x来想各种极限问题。随后是高中,微积分基本上学完,一元的已然特别熟悉了,因此学物理的时候,就总是用微积分的工具来得到物理里的一些用高中方法求不出来的精确解。不得不说的是初三暑假,做了一套高考试卷,高考试卷中有那种抽象函数题目。就是所谓f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)的,要你求函数的基本性质。那时候觉得它很象指数函数,就硬是用PDE算出来在加上某些好的条件后就是指数函数,觉得巨有成就无比,然后类似地造出其他的抽象函数,用PDE暴算,然后画出图形。满满地抄一个笔记本,当宝物似的,直到现在还收在家里。到了高中,开始对数学产生浓厚的兴趣,总是寻求一些题目的简单的解法,比如函数关于某一点对称,那这个函数有什么抽象的性质,和周期函数有什么关系,每次都很欢喜地抄在笔记本上,这样做了4,5个笔记本,随身带着,当宝物呵呵!~

我的高中很好,我上高一那年就实行所谓研究性课题的计划,每几个同学组成一个小组,研究一个问题,然后定期开会讨论进展,最后提交报告,进行答辩。就和现在做毕业论文的情况一样。我是组长,我选了一个题目是如何有效的学习数学,用到了各种统计方法,极大似然估计和因素水平表就是那个时候学的,概率论也是那时候学的。刚才提到做物理题用微积分的方法,可以这么说我高中的物理都是建立在微积分的基础上,什么东西都自己用数学重新定义一遍,就这样,向量分析等一些涉及到方向的数学都学了,物理里一些比较难弄清楚的概念也用数学搞的很清楚了,直到现在还觉得学完高等数学再学物理能使思维开阔,对数学和物理理解的更好。高中还很有兴趣的学了学逻辑代数和现代控制论。学控制论的目的很单纯,是为了解决用Lagrange乘数法则无法解决的不等式约束的问题。到现在还记得Kuhn-Tucker法则,以至后来大2跟数学建模的老师聊天,他非常吃惊地问我为什么会知道这个东西。高中物理和化学由于数学的advanced 学了很多,梁昆淼的力学上册 普通物理2本 赵凯华的电磁学都学了,很快乐。那时候对这些东西的热爱一发不可收,导致父母都担心我严重偏科。于是我只能找借口来学数学,一次我假装问我爸:“要了解流体的性质要看什么书”我爸是个纯粹的做理论的人,思想很单纯,听我这么一说:“噢你到我书架上找本数学物理看吧”于是“阴谋”得逞,此后我名正言顺的看数学物理。

高中圆锥曲线的东西用解析法很难算,而有些题目证明两个角度相等的问题用那种跟光学有关的东西一下就解决了,我受到震撼,想如果所有的题目都能这样做就好了。于是开始看光学,而且只看和透镜有关的东西,效果是题目还是不知道怎么用光学做,但是光程差这些东西都会了。。。于是到书店去找,找啊找,果然让我找到梅向明的一本射影几何,里面满是这些东西,从此我知道怎么用仿射变换来做椭圆的题目,先把椭圆变成圆,在圆里好多性质就很简单了,然后做出来后再变到椭圆里去,哈哈。巨爽无比。然后高2学校教复数基础,老师每次都用复数的几何性质去做,特别厉害,于是我重施故技说:“我们要考复数的东西,我不会”(其实这些是选讲,高考根本不考)我爸果真上当:“噢,我书架上有好多共形映射,复变函数的书,你随便拿着看吧”然后自言自语:“如今高考是越来越难了啊,连这个都考。。”哈哈。学这些东西的时候,不变量的思想逐渐产生,就越来越能体会数学之美。不幸的是,我高中对线性代数的理解完全限于解多元方程这是因为我拿着看的一本高等代数的书上册整本书就是线性方程很繁,于是我与美妙的代数擦肩而过。至于微分几何,我家仅有的一本书却是那种暴算的。。。于是也错过了。。。然后这就是我的高中

 


some feels on Summer school and some professor

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 08/05 2007, 14:47

刚来华东师大两天,第一天就听了肖荫堂教授讲的mutiplier ideal sheaf。ideal sheaf我知道一点 和sheaves of modules定义相似,和一个环A里的理想I也相似。 defined as R(X,A) product R(X,I) to R(X,I)。可是 出乎意料的是Siu一上来就开始讲PDE。讲了PDE的发展历史 尤其提到了Prior estimate(在解PDE中很重要),然后讨论如果没有这个estimate的情形。 好在我PDE没有全忘,尽管很多细节我都不知道,但是处理方法我至少听过,比如一个trick用sub mean valued theorem来处理退化的情形,但是这样并不能保证分母的P不等于0。然后用一个Series取leading coeffecient这样就肯定不为0了。听到这里就觉得:“真好啊”。但是后来Lew(是这样拼么?)举了一个counterexample。发现并不是所有的都能这样做的,因为其中一个原因是cohomology not vanishing.(我后来搜文章,看到一个cohomology vanishing theorem.难道是找到一类PDE不满足这个条件然后可以解,我这完全是望文生义,就看了标题)。所以就必须用别的方法了。因为目前我只down了那篇讲义,具体的东西还没check。故以后再说。这两天虽然我听懂的比较少(第一天PDE还算勉强),但是也还能听个思路出来,而且不知道为什么很有热情去听。我感觉Siu 季理真老师,林老师都有一个共同的特点,就是对问题的背景十分清楚,对为什么要研究一个问题,这个问题解决了一个什么事情,怎么做。这种看似哲学上的东西很清楚。我觉得这样才是真正做学问的态度,林老师一次和季理真老师聊天,林老师说:“几篇论文并不重要,重要的是,把一个东西认识清楚了!”当时我就想鼓掌,数学的目的,我觉得还是要以认识世界为主要的。另人感动。季理真老师对Luzstig做的东西不太熟,在别人做一个关于Luzstig Union的报告时,他问了一个“外行”的问题,“这个东西引进来干吗?”我到是觉得这样的问题问得很好,很多人做这个东西,但是并不知道为什么要做,整个理论体系不清楚,前因后果不清楚,我觉得还是都弄清楚比较快乐。

在浙大的讨论班,季老师经常问一些这样的问题,我感觉听那些人的回答,收获很大,有时候反倒是这些东西让我觉得很prominent。而不是处理的技术。而在上海,SIU也是,对一个问题为什么要做,做这个东西的思想,也就是幕后的东西讲的很多,我觉得这些很有意思,也很重要,因为丑陋的推导 漂亮的结果,思考过程往往是很艰难的,表面的漂亮结果会掩盖思考的过程。而那些却是做数学最重要的。我很期待SIU讲用PDE的方法做finite generation那个大猜想。心情激动啊呵呵。这几天一要继续HA 二要checkSIU的文章。

另外,我感觉尽管我听不懂,但是几何的东西言之有物,我想去学,想去听。一直觉得从几何里出来的代数让我很激动,想如果把这些代数的结构搞清楚了。兴许是某些拓扑空间的不变量。这样分类就很厉害了。 而一些纯表示的方法,开始学还可以,到了后来,由于对几何背景不清楚,即使懂也不想去听那些报告。感觉很疲倦,我做出来各种对应却不知道要干什么事情,好象就在绣花。而不是做衣服给人穿。而SIU讲的这些,感觉就是在推动人类的认识,解决问题,发展新的理论,为了人类心智的荣耀。呵呵

 

 


收获

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 07/19 2007, 08:22

这几天和郝教授一起住,讨论了很多问题,他给了我很多做数学的建议,很感谢他.

首先是第一天住进来,自我介绍后我马上问他做了什么工作,他说是环的一些性质和Hopf代数,主要是矩阵环的刻画.然后他说了一个很有意思的东西.

考虑两个线性recursion序列, 然后乘积起来 问这个新的序列的recursion关系是什么 我问对于Fib序列有什么结果么,他说有专门这方面的书.问题在于怎么刻画这类序列,或者说这些序列组成的集合上有无代数结构,幸运的是乘积是封闭的,所有是个环.然后就可以用刻画环的工具来做了,比如cohomology.

前天我问,一般在代数几何的问题,引进Scheme or stack以后马上就变成交换代数的问题,有没有反过来做的,郝老师说如果把环的问题变成素谱的问题可能会变复杂,因为素理想不太清楚.但是我却又见过这么做的.比如Huzhengyu的一篇文章.

前天郝老师表达了一个观点,就是代数中只有多项式和矩阵环两个基本对象,其他的对象都是这两个对象经过twist and product生成的. 我说EndR是twist 但是他把这个仍然看成matrix ring.

续)


代数几何VS表示论

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 07/19 2007, 08:13

我发现我还是更喜欢代数几何.嘿嘿 看到cohomology的中间部分了. Cech上同调 检查了细节

不过还是总结一下一些我感兴趣的表示论的主题

Topic Gentle algebra Given by Surface Triangulations.

Why I was interested in this topic for following reasons.

1.       I ever read the representation theory of Gentle algebra. When I first met this classes algebra, I have strong interested in its definition. Say if an algebra A is morita equivalent to some path algebra with quiver Q and admissible ideal, and satisfy 3 conditions.

So in the topic. The triangulation of an oriented surface can give the gentle algebra, I was surprised. The speaker Thomas Brustle say the {set of strings} has bijection with {indecomposable modules over gentle algebra} , I think this is a very beautiful relation. Because it is known that {set of positive roots} correspondent 1 – 1 {indecomposable modules} in hereditary algebra and Lie algebra. I think it is very similar. So I am interested in them.

After the lecture, I have contacted with the speaker,I think we will have a communication from now on.

2.       This kind of gentle algebra is cluster tilted algebra, but cluster tilted algebra is very important in Tilting theory.

Topic Representation theory for vertex operator algebra.

Why I was interested in this topic?

1.       In fact. I am not familiar with the vertex operator algebra at all. But the method used attracts me. The highest weight theory with application to this kind of algebra. Especially the M[0] can determine  the M[i] for all I because I do not have lectures at hand. So I only describe the impressive part.

Topic Minimal Length Elements and G Stable pieces.

You ask  me why I was interested in this topic. Though I did not know anything about this.

I think building the connection between the finite weyl groups and the geometry of algebraic groups is anyhow very important. And I think the Deligne-Luzstig varieties associated to minimal length elements are affine ,this result is non-trivial.

I think the idea in the abstract is enough to have my attention. Saying translating some ideas and constructions from Luzstig’s geometric setting to the combinatorial settings of finite weyl groups.

I ever read the GTM129 flavored in Combinational. The structure of combinational is more and more important now. You can consider the representation theory of Lie Groups. It induces the study in Hecke algebra. Then using a combinational settings is suitable. I think Xuhe Hua did a prominent work.

 

Topic Cluster Algebras of Rank 3

Obviously I am interested in this topic because it has close connection with the representation type. It shows that if cluster tilted algebra is not hereditary, then H is representation finite. And the Loewy length actually characterize some finiteness.

 

Topic Classification of finite dimensional basic Hopf Algebra as according to their representation type.

Obviously I will interested in this topic because I am focusing on the problem of Rep Type for a long time.

Covering theory, Bocs Differential and Subcategories are the efficient methods. Hopf algebras are the special case. I think the key is the condition “Basic”.

Topic Classification of Quantum Groups

There are many ways to classify the Quantum Groups, using the Dykin quiver and Extend Dykin quiver. So I am interested in this topic. But I am confused that there shall be some very different quantum groups with the same classical limit.

 

Topic Generic sheaves over elliptic curves.

It gives a beautiful result saying for every rational number q, there is a generic sheaves with slope q over E. In the lecture notes, a lot of technique in Tilting theory are used. The generic sheaves are the generalization of generic modules. And the Tilting sheaf are generalization of Tilting module as well. I saw a lot of similarity appeared,such as the definition of the Euler Form, only replace the module with sheaf. There is a good result for the Euler form as well. I will read some of papers.

 

Topic Conical Extension of Derived Categories.

Before the lecture, I was interested in it.

1.       What is the Toroidal Lie algebra ?

2.       Why can one realize the Kac-Moody Lie algebra and Lie algebra using only one derived categories, but using two realize the Toroidal Lie algebra. What is the hard point?

After the Lecture, I know the hard point that the quiver of Toroidal Lie algebra is complicated any how. So one try to “partition”it to some parts. Then using derived categories of corresponding Dykin quiver,then define the Ringel Hall algebra to realize respectively, final, using the conical extension to realize the whole Toridal Lie algebra. I think the important things are this result mentioned in the lecture: if given derived categories have Auslander Reiten translations then the conical extension derived categories has Auslander Reiten translations as well.

I was extremely interested in the picture that Pengliangang showed, it told me how to realize the Lie algebra with Affine Dykin quiver. Hmmm,It is interesting.

 

Duality of Arithmetic Groups Mapping class Groups and Outer automorphism of free groups.

 

I will check the detail of the lecture.

Because Professor Ji Lizhen lead us to a comprehensive realm of mathematics. A lot of beautiful results are given. Hehe

 

  

 


一点有意思的东西 Math&哲学

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 07/14 2007, 17:32

今天坐飞机到了拉萨,然后坐了出租到了Himalaya宾馆,在见过林教授和芮教授后便径自到了自己的房间.有点高原反应 既然是International Conference on Representation theory. 我带了一些Luzstig的文章.主要是关于Canonical Basis的,在杭州和林教授聊数学的时候,他说Intersection Cohomology是一个非常重要的工具.我对这个并不了解,但是有很强的兴趣,因为K也说有些人考虑在同调群上用Intersection建立环结构.


好多牛

个人空间 — 作者: Zhangshizhuo @ 07/10 2007, 08:50

一个屋子 一个外国人, 巴黎11大学的 导师是Fields Medalist

一个要去Washington的

一个已经在UCLA做数论的

 

在牛圈中........

终于知道什么叫stack了,原来只是知道Scheme的推广就是stack. 问了法国大牛,知道有个orbifold locally looks like the R^k/G for some group G. 对应的就是stack. as the scheme corresponding to the manifold.

orbifold的定义很形象,有个奇点.相当于是glue起来得到一个点.

 

法国大牛是做motivic cohomology的. 大牛推荐了几本书 一本Mumford的 一本

Andrew Kresch(???)写的.大牛对Ha的书比较熟.给我解释了好多疑问和习题.大牛肯定把Ha的习题都做了.....

 

敬过大牛以后回自己的宿舍.看见傅利叶大牛正在和别人讨论同伦和同调的问题.貌似是homotopy control the homology的问题.

他们讨论的热火朝天.我和K聊天,以下是让我很受启发的一些东西

if all pi0 -> pin = 0
then pi(n+1) = h(n+1)
n-th homology tell you how n-cells are glued to (n-1)-cells
n-th homotopy depends on the whole n-skeleton
when a space has easy homology, it has crazy homotopy
when a space has easy homotopy, it has crazy homology

sphere has easy homology, it has difficult homotopy

classifying space has easy homotopy and difficult homology

 

cohomology = dual of homology, which is abelianization of homotopy

if there is a nonabelian cohomology theory, it will be dual to homotopy in some sense.

 

giving a space X, get H^n(X;R) and pi_n[X]

then we have dim(h0)-dim(h1)+dim(h2)-... = chi = |pi0|/|pi1|*|pi2|/...

no proved even no verification

 

homology is +
homotopy is x
乘法难点。
mirror symmetry / langlands is just like this duality
Hom(S^1, X) and Hom(X, S^1)
this is beyond human reach
group is the symmetry of something. pi_1 is the symmetry of what thing?
all group is the symmetry of some the stuff
automorphism = symmetry = group


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